Flat Roofs
Why Some Flat Roofs Leak
1. Insufficient Roof Slope and Lack of Drainage
The Uniform Building Code (UBC), 1988 Edition, requires roof systems to be sloped a minimum of 1/4 inch in 12 inches for positive drainage.
Most manufacturer warranties require roofs to be free of ponding water 48 hours after a rainfall (consult individual manufacturer's specific requirements).
Where water cannot drain over the roof edge, the UBC requires a roof drain and an overflow drain at every low point of the roof
Scuppers, or openings through the wall, can be used in lieu of overflow drains. The UBC requires that overflow scuppers be three times the size of the roof drain and have an inlet line located a maximum of 2 inches above the adjacent low roof point.
2. Omission of Cant Strips
Some roofing materials are too brittle to make the 90-degree turn up the wall from the roof deck. Cant strips allow for the continuous transition of roofing materials without splitting or tearing that would permit water into the structure.
3. Lack of Proper Coping
A properly sloped sheet metal coping at the top of parapet walls will reduce the potential for water intrusion and eliminate most staining from top-of-wall-run-off.
Stucco-capped parapet walls require a higher level of care in design and construction. Stucco does not prevent water intrusion, so the top of the wall should be waterproofed as if it were a roof.
Information provided by Building Analysts, a full-service architectural and engineering firm with many years of experience in construction litigation. Their services include: architectural and structural investigations, repair recommendations, preparation of exhibits and expert testimony. Contact Building Analysts Toll Free at: (800) 352-1497.